GSM based Wireless Notice Board

GSM based Wireless Notice Board 2.2 BACKGROUND The use of scrolling display boards for advertisement is becoming common these days at various shops, shopping centers, railway and bus stations and other such places. It is becoming an effective mode for communicating with the public and providing them information. The issue with such displays is when frequent updating of the messages is required. It becomes inflexible, time consuming and a technician needs to go to that location of display board and plug the computer to it and then update it. it doesnt give the flexibility to change the message from any remote place. Another issue is with the placement of display boards, it cannot be placed at any place due to its complex and delicate wiring. 2.3 To overcome such problems, I designed a GSM based Wireless LED notice board. It is basically a display system that uses real time noticing, b sending messages through mobile phone in the form of SMS. In such system, there is no requirement of reprogramming the code to update or change the message that needs to be updated as the whole process is based on wireless technology. A multiplexing method is used to drive the LEDs. And the power requirement for display module is also reduced. 2.4 OBJECTIVES I aimed to develop a moving sign board which can be controlled by the user by sending a SMS. The user can change the scrolling/display message immediately unlike the old device which requires personal attention at the location using a desk bound device like PC or laptop. My project will let user update it even from a remote distance. Once the message is displayed and is in use, it gets deleted from the system memory to allow new updates to be stored and making space for upcoming SMS. Also, I wanted to design a model which has reduced complexity and simplified hardware and wiring requirements. 2.5 Wireless technology is an upcoming technology, due to this reason I planned a project based on it. It implements the wireless communication between a mobile phone and a display board. It uses a combined feature of microcontroller and wireless technology to construct an accurate and effective communication system.   The user makes use of a simple GSM based mobile handset which will help in sending messages for display purpose via SMS to various display boards. A GSM modem is used at the receiver end which detects and receives upcoming new messages. Proper coding is set in the microcontroller which gives AT commands to read the SMS that is received from the modem and is then stored in the microcontroller. 2.6 The nature of my project initially was research and survey based along with problem solving. I had to consider the safety issue and fast track transmission of the information. The duties I was required to perform are: I had to divide the project in smaller parts and assign time-duration for each task. I was involved in intensive research and analysis based on the topic of interest for my project. I had to perform survey on various microcontrollers, peripheral devices for e.g. LCD, transmitter and receiver circuits, GSM and many more based on the need of the project. I projected a schematic diagram with the help of ORCAD software. I designed the PCB layout. After having the PCB layout I was required to make the hardware structure. Which was followed by writing the code for the working of the device. Lastly, it involved preparation of report and presentation for the entire project. It was my duty to keep my project guide updated with the progress of the project. 2.7 PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY To begin working on my project, I started studying topics of interest and related to my project. After processing and analyzing the information found based on my survey, I started designing the block diagram for my project. I used ORCAD software to design the schematic diagram. It was a new software for me, so it took time in understanding its functions and tools. I structured my drawing in such a way that the project focuses on the transmission of textual data through air interface with the help of GSM through asynchronous serial communication. When a unique pass key is entered, the data gets displayed on the LCD. Also, it will receive and accept data from dedicated and registered user only by performing address matching. 2.8 Various components that were used are described below: Power supply I used a step-down transformer of 230V primary to 5V secondary voltage that would give a power supply of +5V. This circuit also provides a variable 12V supply to the motor drivers. GSM Modem    in the receiving section, it consists of a slot which holds the SIM card. The SIM stores the messages that are sent by the user. It works on single supply voltage of 3.4V 4.5V. Max232 level convertor it is a dual driver or receiver which acts as an interface medium between the microcontroller and the modem. Microcontroller I used the 89S52 microcontroller which is a 40-pin powerful controller which consists of several features. It provides a special feature of data signal and clock signal which is required for scrolling the messages. 648 LED dot matrix it is formed by wiring multiple LEDs together in rows and columns. It is done so that it minimizes the number of pins that are required to drive them. Each character is displayed by scanning of either rows or columns. Shift register IC74LS154 it is a high speed 8bit Serial-In Parallel-Out shift register. I have made use of shift register to minimize the number of I/O pins that would be used to drive the column of LED matrix. Crystal 11.0592MHz such high value crystal helps in reducing the flickering effect that is seen in the LEDs. 2.9 After finalizing the components, I went ahead to connect each component to the PCB. After laying out the PCB me and was shown to my project guide for any improvement possibility and to get feedback on it. After getting the final confirmation from my supervisor I connected the components and completed the full hardware structure. The next task was writing the code for its functioning. I prepared a flow chart to follow a well-defined path while writing the code. I used keil Microvision software to write my code. It develops a HEX file which can be loaded into the microcontroller. I wrote my programming code in Embedded C language. I divided my working in two parts, so the code was written in two parts. 2.10 The display process begins by writing 0 on all rows. This will result in blanking out of all LEDs at the beginning. The microcontroller uses ASCII code for each character that must be displayed. It uses this value to access the corresponding display pattern in a character look up table. The display will be sent out to the display shift register in serial manner. For but with value 1, the LED will be kept off and for bit with value 0, the LED will be kept on. This process gets repeated for first line of the other five display matrix. And thus, enabling the first pin. The same process is repeated for every row till all the rows are displayed. In row scanning, appropriate logic levels are set and passed to the columns and each row is selected for about 1ms time. Thus, creating a persistence of vision effect and the image is displayed as a still perceived image. The microcontroller uses and generated a HEX value for every character that needs to be displayed. 2.11 The second part involves scrolling of the message. This effect is achieved by defining seven display buffers, each of size 32 bits and stores the bit information of 648 LED in the matrix. The scrolling process for displaying the message begins from right to left. All the column values for all the rows are shifted to the left direction by giving a suitable volume of shift step. This will help to move the character from right to left. After successfully shifting of the character, the row values of next character are taken up. This is done after scrolling it for 5 time per character to accommodate many characters simultaneously. For every shift, the display buffer gets updated. Every character is shifted six times to fully load into the display buffer. Thus, the process continues until all the characters in the messages are loaded. After loading of each character, the message will continue to scroll until a new message is received. The microcontroller automatically stops the display and extracts the new message from SIM card on the arrival of new message. It then executes the above cycle for new display process which scrolls down the new message. 2.12 On completion of the software and hardware part of my project, I performed a test run on it to check the working of the project. On facing difficulties, I performed troubleshooting on the whole system and gave it a run again. Constant helped was received by my faculty members during any difficulty. Major problem faced by me was in completing the programming code of the model. As my projects main heart was the software. I referred many software books and coding languages to understand the problem and solve it. Another issue was related to the receiving the signal from the GSM module to the microcontroller. I thought the problem was in the GSM module, but on later evaluation of the problem, I came to know the problem was in the connection, the input pins for the microcontroller was mismatched and soldered in wrong place. To rectify the issue, I studied my circuit diagram again and soldered it to the correct place. 2.13 SUMMARY To conclude, my project explains each development step I took for designing the GSM based notice board by integrating features of all hardware components used. Each module is reasoned out and placed carefully, thus making the unit to work best. The speed of the display can be controlled through the software and the message is displayed as required. Keeping a good scope open for future use in various industries such as food industry, in trains, in educational institute etc. The project gave me a good experience in my own field. I developed many technical skills, managerial skills, and problem solving skills. I believe I made a good use of my academic knowledge that I had gained during my bachelors and applied it to my project. The project was successfully completed on time. I gave weekly report and presentation to the project guide.

Ethical Issues on Confidentiality Essay

Ethical Issues on Confidentiality: Research and Medical Procedures A guiding principle followed by most administrators and health care providers is the concept that ethical principles must match the values of the whole organization. This belief should serve as a continuous teaching to all staff so that the organization’s goals may be uniformly achieved. Healthcare administrators must be fully competent in adhering to the ethical principles of patient and employee confidentiality in order to promote trust, respect, and the protection of individual’s rights concerning health information. This is one of the main objectives of the Privacy Rule or HIPAA, and a breach to this rule is one of the most common ethical issues. When administrators demonstrate capable ethical decisions in guiding the flow of services in the organization, there may only be a few disorders that will be encountered in the operations as a result of ethical perplexities. In the article, Ethics of Stem Cell Research (Siegel, A., Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Spring2013), the ethical dilemma of confidentiality in research pales in comparison to the dilemma posed in destroying human embryonic cells. A great dispute is presented on the use of human embryos and whether researchers are dealing with a human being or not. The question on the permissibility or the impermissibility to destroy human embryos is fully explored without the full ethical answer being presented. Confidentiality, research, and medical procedures all impart ethical dilemmas that complicate organizational activities. Problems of the Affected Population: Patients and Participants In the procurement of embryotic cells for example, research subjects are not considered the same way as patients and regarded differently in terms of confidentiality and privacy issues. According to the article, HIPAA, the Privacy Rule, and Its Application to Health Research (2009), â€Å"Health research is not the focus of HIPAA.† and, â€Å"Because a great deal of health research in the United States is also subject to the Common Rule- the federal rule that governs most federally funded research conducted on human beings and aims to ensure  that the rights of human subjects are protected during the course of a research project, historically focusing on protection from physical and mental harm by stressing autonomy and consent.† (HIPAA and Research, Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research, 2009). Many research institutions are not considered covered entities and therefore the subjects are not covered by the Privacy law. Nevertheless, all subjects must submit personally identifiable health information and in the course of research or procedure, a subject may be harmed. This is an uneven application of confidentiality and the Privacy law that gives more benefit to a patient than a research subject. Medical research in particular has a participant and some experimental procedures are accomplished with the patient as the subject in the belief that the experiment could bring positive results to the patient specially, when there is no definite answer to a needed treatment. According to Fremgen B.F. (2009), ethical issues arise when there is harmful effect to the patient from experimental procedures. Lack of understanding and communication remains a big barrier to ethical issues. Somehow the creation of the Privacy Law did not consider the welfare of the research subject, yet they are likened to a patient who undergoes procedures, submits identifiable health information, and when procedures are not perfect, may also suffer harmful consequences. The other bothersome issue is when the bodily parts contributed by the participant are sold, reused or endorsed to other institutions for other purposes. Other issues pertain to the interest of the researcher placed above the interest of the patient (B.F.Fremgen2009). Informed and voluntary consent from participants are used as shield in order to further the research activities, but privacy and confidentiality are both compromised on research participants and must also be incorporated. Proposed Solutions In California, where the biggest budget for stem cell research is allocated, the California Institute of Regenerative medicine (CIRM) in their objectives has encouraged institutions and researchers on the development of best practices in hSC projects. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) at each research institution must be responsible for the proper review of projects involving human participants. The regulations of the CIRM implies that donor  consent must be understood fully by the participant, maintain a clear record of every embryo, strict accounting of donated cells, and must always be consistent with existing laws. In fairness to the donor, any medical complication must be treated fully, and the donor must not bear any cost for any treatment (G.P Lomax, Z. Hall, B. Lo, Responsible Oversight of Human Stem Cell Research: The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 2007) The foundation for all procurement of biological materials can be summed in informed consent. Authorizations and voluntary consent must be explicitly understood by the donor and must be presented with choices they can understand including the information regarding the destruction of the cells, commercial application and sharing (L. P Knowles, Issues in Procurement of Embryonic Stem Cells: Informed Consent and Conflict of Interest, n.d.) Information management system must be in place for protection of confidentiality. In most instances, the system must protect the anonymity of the donor to safeguard privacy. There will always be people who would donate biological materials for their own reasons beyond ones understanding. These individuals must be informed fully of the consequences and possible risks. In some places, inducement of monetary consideration is prohibited. However, there are instances when the donor sincerely commits to help in exchange for some requirements like burial assistance when deemed terminally ill. Ethical issues and personal choice of the donor must be taken into consideration at all times and the option to donate must be free from pressure. In some parts of the globe, there are ads roaming related to procurement of organs from individuals who are impoverished and destitute. The government and the public must be vigilant in exposing this black market trade of organ trafficking so as to safeguard the dignity, confidentiality, and humanity in general. The mainstream media must be cooperative in relaying to the public not only the positive implications of medical research but also the contrary, so that that knowledge and understanding of present scientific advancement and problems may be learned. The Administrator and Ethical Issues An administrator who is engaged in a healthcare institution where research activities are occurring commits to a heavier burden of maintaining the place for it to be free of ethical issues. Aside from the issue of  patient care, privacy, lack of resources, maintaining regulations, and promoting goodwill, the needed knowledge on the requirements or regulations on research must be understood. The administrator must be adept at ethical analysis and organizational policies. Many have not been through a lot of experience related to research institutions but according to Fremgen B. F. (2009), â€Å"Adherence to bioethical principles involves the entire healthcare team, not just the physicians† (pg. 251). The ethics of the institution must be in accord with the staff and conflicting values should not prevail. The administrator must know how to initiate educational sessions and communicate the ethical values even with the integration of research and experimental procedures. References Siegel, A. Ethics of Stem Cell Research, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, rev. Jan 28,2013 Retrieved from: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/stemcells/#EthDesHumEmbForRes Knowles, L.P. Issues in Procurement of Embryonic Stem Cell: Informed Consent and Conflicts of Interest, Retrieved::http://www.stemcellnetwork.ca/uploads/File/whitepapers/Inf Consent-and-Conflicts-of-Interest.pdf Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information: The HIPAA Privacy Rule; Nass SJ, Levit LA, Gostin LO, editors. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2009.Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9573/ Lomax GP, Hall ZW, Lo B (2007) Responsible Oversight of Human Stem Cell Research: The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine’s Medical and Ethical Standards.Retrieved http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0040114 B.F. Fremgen, Medical Law and Ethics (Third Ed. 2009)

Judith Beveridge’s Poetry Essay

An inherent tension between nature and the material world is revealed in the imagery of Judith Beveridge’s poetry. Discuss the significance by referring to three poems. Judith Beveridge poetry reveals an inherent tension between nature and the material world. She questions human’s ability to understand and be connected to nature, examines human’s destructive power over nature and demonstrates the changing nature of the world from natural to materialistic. This is represented in her poems, Mulla Bulla Beach, Fox in the Tree Stump and Streets of Chippendale. Judith Beveridge’s poetry examines the ability of humans or the materialistic world to be interconnected with nature. In the poem Mulla Bulla Beach she examines a human’s ability to be part of nature, particularly from an outsiders perspective. She states â€Å" A new world to me, but familiar†, demonstrating how she can be related to nature. She also examines an insiders perspective on the beach, in particular the fisherman, stating â€Å" who are born hearing the sea always there† She examines how the fisherman have become part of the natural rhythm demonstrating how humans can be part of nature, and the tension between the material world and nature does not need to exist. She uses many similes to link humans or human objects to nature for example â€Å"Jellyfish clear as surgical gloves† and â€Å" tide winded shells pacing quietly as shore runners†. These similes demonstrate how humans can not only understand but also be part of the natural rhythm. This is also seen in Judith’s poem, The Fox in a Tree Stump. Judith examines how the child feels a connection to the fox and its innocent nature stating, â€Å" Fox hairs of dust sweated in my palms† although, this connection does not overpower the fear of her uncle, so she kills the fox. This demonstrates that although humans may feel connected to nature although this does not prevent them from destroying aspects of nature. Judith Beveridge examines the inherent tension between nature and the material world by examining a human’s ability to understand nature.

Comparative Analysis of Woodrow Wilson vs. Ronald Reagan

Comparative Analysis of Woodrow Wilson vs. Ronald Reagan Two American Presidents, both very influential in their time and both having had a great impact on history are Ronald Reagan and Woodrow Wilson. Both Presidents were advocates of peace even though they would not have hesitated to enter into a war if war was needed to insure the safety of the United States and Democracy as a whole. By use of small wars and political pressures both Reagan and Wilson, with the exception of Wilsons entering into WW-I, used diplomacy and these small conflicts to do what they thought was best and righteous to defend freedom and Democracy. But were they truly righteous individuals or did they just have their own ideas and agendas of what was best?†¦show more content†¦Many people don’t look at it like this as Communism was not considered a large threat by many at the time. Wilson However seemed to be a stark opponent of Communism but was definitely an advocate for democracy. There are few Americans who were living at the time that realize or remember that we had a silent war with Russia. This I must admit I only discovered myself in doing some research online and will keep this short as it is not part of the sources. In the summer of 1918 Wilson implemented a Naval Blockade of the Soviet Union and sent forces into Russia to help anti communist forces during the Russian Revolution. Though our support for the Czech and White Russian forces failed, it does show an indication of Wilson’s belief in Democracy as well as an anti-communist agenda which further indicates his defense of democracy and belief that there should be freedom of such for all nations. Ronald Reagan â€Å"We Will Be a City upon a Hill† is a speech in which he gives an uplifting as well as an upbeat opinion about the United States. Anyone that was born before about 1983 will remember Ronald Reagan as the President that brought about an end to major communistic rule in Europe as well as being credited with bringing down the Berlin Wall. Reagan was about as â€Å"American† a President as we have ever had. He had a great love and pride for the United States as well as democracy and the freedoms that we have in this nation. Reagan was a very influentialShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrate